3D printing facades: Design, fabrication, and assessment methods

This paper presents a state of the art review for 3D printed facades. In the review, three main topics are identified: (i) computational design strategies for 3D printed facades, (ii) fabrication processes and materials, and (iii) performance assessment. The design section displays computational tools and methods for design to production of 3D printed facades. The chapter fabrication processes, materials, and applications illustrates the technology potential for facade application sorted by material groups. The performance assessment section presents current approaches to evaluating and validating the performance of 3DP facades. Finally, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future trends are discussed to offer insights into leading-edge solutions for facade design and fabrication.