A fast method for topological observability analysis using a minimum spanning tree technique

A new unified method is presented for dealing with the problems of topological observability in power system state estimation: identification of network topological observability, and branches or nodes where pseudo-measurements are necessary to recover the whole network topological observability. The method is based on evaluating the minimum spanning tree in graph theory. The proposed method has been successfully applied to several sample systems and its applicability to real-sized power systems is demonstrated.>