Key result
This review summarizes current mechanistic and structural knowledge on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses and their strategies to maintain genome integrity.
This review provides an overview of the structure and mechanisms of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in positive-strand RNA viruses, which are key targets for antiviral drug development.
RdRP mechanisms in +ssRNA viruses merit antiviral exploration; extends structural knowledge but leaves open clinical validation.
RNA viruses are important emerging pathogens that cause human and animal infectious diseases. Antiviral therapies have to deal with the high mutational capacity of RNA viruses, which quickly adapt to new environments. A primary target for antiviral drug development is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the central enzyme of the viral RNA replication/transcription machinery. Here, we review the current mechanistic and structural knowledge on RdRps of positive-strand RNA viruses gained through crystallography and biochemistry. In addition, we review the growing body of information on RdRp-mediated strategies, such as proofreading and genome end repair, used by positive-strand RNA viruses to maintain their genome integrity.
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Subissi et al. (2014) conducted a review in RNA virus infections. This review summarizes current mechanistic and structural knowledge on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses and their strategies to maintain genome integrity.
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