Key result
The Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) was developed as a 30-minute nurse-led complex intervention combining patient education and music to reduce state anxiety in adults awaiting cardiac catheterization.
Why the study?
Anxiety related to cardiac catheterization is highly prevalent, most severe preoperatively, and associated with worse intraoperative complications and functional outcomes, warranting targeted intervention design.
Does the Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) reduce state anxiety levels in adults before cardiac catheterization?
Does the Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) reduce state anxiety levels in adults before cardiac catheterization?
EMIRA is a rigorously developed, nurse-led complex intervention combining education and music designed to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
Nurse-led EMIRA protocol now available for testing; leaves open its effect on preoperative anxiety in cardiac catheterization.
BACKGROUND: Anxiety related to cardiac catheterization (ARCC) is highly prevalent and most severe in the immediate preoperative period. ARCC is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure variability, and increased risk of arrhythmias, leading to higher rates of intraoperative complications and worse physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE: To describe a nurse-led complex intervention (CI) designed to reduce ARCC in adults before a cardiac catheterization (CC). METHODS: To design the intervention, a concept analysis yielded the identification of ARCC antecedents and attributes, based on which CI components and objectives were determined. For each component, CI procedures, mode of delivery, and dose were established based on empirical evidence. The CI was reported according to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. RESULTS: The Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) consists of two components. The educational component provides the essential information regarding CC purpose, catheterization laboratory features, and what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. The musical component provides individuals with a feeling of comfort and relaxation. EMIRA is delivered in one 30-min session using an audiovisual format. EMIRA's expected primary outcome is a decreased state anxiety level. Additionally, EMIRA might reduce blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and chest pain. CONCLUSIONS: EMIRA is a CI developed with methodological rigor. Future studies should evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of EMIRA.
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Batista et al. (2025) studied Anxiety related to cardiac catheterization. Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) was evaluated on State anxiety level (expected). The Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) was developed as a 30-minute nurse-led complex intervention combining patient education and music to reduce state anxiety in adults awaiting cardiac catheterization.
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