Both the Langevin equation of the Brownian motion and the concept of the stochastic thermal process are adopted to describe the temperature fluctuation of the nanoparticles suspended in carrier liquids. The heat transfer chain between the nanoparticles and the ambient liquid is analyzed. Based on the superposition principle and the Green-Kubo theorem, a thermal conductivity model that is able to account for the effects of the volume fraction and sizes of nanoparticles has been developed. Comparisons show that the results predicted by the present model are well coincident with the experimental data.
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Xuan et al. (2006) studied this question.
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