Causal association between body mass index and dilated cardiomyopathy: a Mendelian randomization study

Figures

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  Figure 1. A – Design flow chart for the MR study. MR assumptions: assumptions 1, 2 and 3. Assumption 1 suggests that genetic variants correlated with BMI and affect the risk of DCM through the BMI. Assumption 2 and 3 genetic variants are not related with any confounders and do not influence the DCM through other ways. B – MR results between BMI and DCM. IVW: inverse-variance weighted. C – Scatter plots and causal estimates from three different methods. D – Funnel plots of the association of BMI and DCM