We examined the anti-predator behaviour of two closely related species of tadpoles (Rana lessonae and Rana esculenta). Eggs were hatched in the laboratory and tadpoles were conditioned for 30 days to fish, newts, odonates and Bufo tadpoles before testing tadpole responses to predator and control stimuli. Rana esculenta tadpoles spent more time swimming than did R. lessonae tadpoles, but species did not differ in refuge use
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Semlitsch et al. (1992) studied this question.
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