Malaysia has been experiencing rapid economic growth and urban transformation over the last decade. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the 3 major environmental problems in Malaysia, apart from water and air pollution. The exponential growth of economic, urbanization, demographics and changing lifestyles are the key reasons behind the increase in the generation of MSW. Malaysia has targeted a recycling rate of 22.0% for commercial and industrial industries by 2020 as reported by Zaipul et al. It has been proven by other countries that the target is achievable, For example, England was able to recycle and reuse 52.8% of its commercial waste in 2009 According to SWCorp government of Malaysia, the total waste that is being generated keeps increasing. This was documented in 2005, to be 19,000 tons/day, 33,000 tons/day in 2012 and 38,200 tons/day in 2016. Based on the assumption factors of rapid population growth, the waste generation rate increased on average by 4% per year from 0.8 kg/cap/day to 1.12 kg/cap/day, while the recycling rate increased from 5.0% in 2005 to 17.5% in 2016 In the year 2015, the Malaysian Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government (KPKT) revealed two statistics:
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Rodzi et al. (2019) studied this question.
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