Selenium-doped TiO 2 has been used for the first time as efficient photocatalyst for the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, affording γ-butyrolactone (GBL) in excellent yield with higher selectivity. TiO 2 -doped with selenium showed greater visible absorption and exhibited superior photocatalytic activity than undoped TiO 2 . The prepared catalyst was subjected to reflux in Millipore water in order to remove the surface-bound selenium species. After this treatment, the catalyst did not show any leaching and showed efficient recycling with consistent catalytic efficiency.
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Jain et al. (2013) studied this question.