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During high‐temperature crystal growth, lattice defects will inevitably form inside piezoelectric materials, which can be a hindrance for performance optimization. Through appropriate atmosphere control during sintering, defect levels inside the piezoelectric material can be regulated. Herein, CaZrO 3 ‐modified (K, Na)NbO 3 ‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with a nominal composition of 0.95(Na 0.49 K 0.49 Li 0.02 )(Nb 0.8 Ta 0.2 )O 3 ‐0.05CaZrO 3 are produced by sintering in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere. Compared with an air‐sintered sample, the piezoelectric constant of the oxygen‐sintered sample has greatly improved 15% up to 390 pC/N, which is comparable to commercial lead‐based counterparts. In addition, the planar electromechanical coupling factor k p is enhanced from 0.46 to 0.52. A qualitative model related to defect engineering is proposed to support the experimental observations. Our results indicate the feasibility of purposely optimizing the piezoelectric performance by sintering atmosphere control.
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Thong et al. (2018) studied this question.
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