ISUOG Practice Guidelines: invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis

The aim of this document is to describe the main aspects of invasive fetal procedures for prenatal diagnosis. Technical issues, clinical indications, diagnostic capabilities and possible complications are considered in light of the available literature. In this new era dominated by cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) testing, the number of invasive procedures for fetal testing is decreasing dramatically and this is having a considerable impact on clinical practice. This Guideline summarizes current information regarding when, how and why practitioners perform invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis. Details of the grades of recommendations and levels of evidence used are given in Appendix 1.