Hemoptysis after five months of cryoballoon ablation: What is the relationship?

Figures

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  Figure 1. A, B: The deep position and incomplete circle of the balloon in the left superior pulmonary vein can be seen in angiography. C: Considerable blood volume in the left lower trachea and coagulation and blood outflow with coughing was observed on bronchofibroscopy at segment 4–5 of the left lung.

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  Figure 2. Temperature trend of the left superior pulmonary vein. At 30 seconds, the temperature was −40°C. The balloon temperature reached −60°C at 80 seconds. The nadir temperature was −65°C.

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  Figure 3. No pulmonary vein stenosis was observed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (A, B; preablation). Five-and-a-half months after ablation, severe stenosis of the left superior pulmonary vein and complete occlusion of the pulmonary vein for the lingular segment were observed (C, D).