Comparative judgement, proof summaries and proof comprehension

Proof is central to mathematics and has drawn substantial attention from the mathematics education community. Yet, valid and reliable measures of proof comprehension remain rare. In this article, we present a study investigating proof comprehension via students’ summaries of a given proof. These summaries were evaluated by expert judges making pairwise comparisons, which were used to generate a score for each summary. This approach, known as comparative judgement, has been demonstrated to generate reliable and valid scores when assessing other mathematical constructs. Our findings suggest that comparative judgement can produce valid and reliable assessments of the quality of student-produced proof summaries. We also explored which features of students’ proof summaries were most valued by the expert judges, and found that high-scoring summaries referenced a proof’s logical structure and the mechanism by which it reached a contradiction.