Gain/Amplification 17p as a Potential Favorable Prognostic Factor in Multiple Myeloma: A Real‐World Settings Retrospective Study

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Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy in which cytogenetic abnormalities critically influence prognosis. The prognostic significance of 17p gain/amplification (17p+), particularly relative to del(17p) and the high‐risk 1q21 gain/amplification (1q21+), remains insufficiently defined. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 125 MM patients treated at a single center between 2015 and 2024. Cytogenetic profiles were assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the impact of 17p+ on progression‐free survival 1 (PFS1), time to next treatment (TTNT), and overall survival (OS). Results Compared with del(17p), 17p+ was associated with significantly longer PFS1 (HR 0.21, p < 0.01), TTNT (HR 0.18, p < 0.01), and OS (HR 0.25, p < 0.05). In patients receiving proteasome inhibitor–based therapy or not undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation, 17p+ remained favorable for PFS1 (HR 0.20, p < 0.05, HR 0.21, p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox models confirmed 17p+ as an independent protective factor for PFS1 (HR 0.08), TTNT (HR 0.07), and OS (HR 0.02) (all p < 0.001). Among patients with 1q21+, co‐occurrence of 17p+ improved PFS1 (HR 0.47) and TTNT (HR 0.36) ( p < 0.05), though no significant OS benefit was observed. Conclusions 17p+ is associated with markedly improved clinical outcomes in MM and may partially mitigate the adverse prognostic impact of 1q21+. These findings highlight the relevance of 17p+ in cytogenetic risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies and support further validation in multicenter cohorts. Trial Registration The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.