An Observational Study Assessing the Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgeries

Objectives: The objective is to determine postoperative outcomes and complications of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries in patients with ejection fraction (EF) (≤35%) and to determine factors affecting outcomes. Methods: An observational study included 60 patients (EF ≤35%) who underwent either on-pump or off-pump CABG during the period of 8 months (May–December 2024). The data regarding baseline demographics, risk factors, and perioperative and postoperative characteristics were collected. The primary outcomes were re-exploration, length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) duration. The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications. Results: The mean age of study patients was 62.65 ± 8.4 years. 44 (73.33%) patients were males and 16 (26.67%) were female. In the study, 48 (80%) cases were off pump, 12 (20%) cases were on pump. Re-exploration was required in two patients (3.33%). The mean duration of ICU stay was 4.2 ± 1.54 days, and hospital stay was 7.63 ± 1.65 days. Sepsis occurred in 11 patients (18.33%), and stroke was reported in three patients (5%). Acute kidney injury was the most common complication, affecting 23 patients (38.33%). For hospital stay, EF before the intervention, off pump was significant factors. With an increase in EF before intervention by 1%, duration of hospital stay significantly decreased by 0.23 days. Patients with off pump had significantly lower duration of hospital stay with beta coefficient of-1.292 (−2.309 to − 0.274). Conclusion: In conclusion, postoperative outcomes in patients with reduced EF undergoing CABG showed low rates of re-exploration and manageable complications. Off-pump CABG was associated with a shorter hospital stay and higher preoperative EF significantly reduced hospitalization duration.