Ordered arrays of metallic domes, dots, and pores can be produced by exploiting a combination of colloidal templating and “over sputtering”. This elegant method involves deposition of metal onto a layer of polystyrene latex beads. The beads are then removed by heating to leave dome-shaped metal “shells” (see Figure). Upon further heating the domes can be converted to metallic dots. Pores are obtained if colloidal multilayers are used.
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Mikrajuddin et al. (2002) studied this question.