On September 17, 1999, 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger died at the University of Pennsylvania following administration of recombinant adenoviral vector containing the orinithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene. In the decade-old history of nearly 400 clinical gene therapy trials involving well over 4000 patients, Gelsinger's was and still remains the only death directly attributable to gene delivery vehicle. Why, then, have gene therapy clinical trials become the focus of the broader debate on protection of research subjects?
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Inder M. Verma (2000) studied this question.