Key result
Action Observation Therapy improves post-stroke cognitive function, though overall evidence certainty remains very low.
Why the study?
Does Action Observation Therapy improve clinical cognitive function in stroke patients?
Meta-Analysis (n=400)
Does Action Observation Therapy improve clinical cognitive function in stroke patients?
Action Observation Therapy may improve cognitive function in stroke patients, but current evidence is of very low certainty requiring higher-quality RCTs.
INTRODUCTION: Action Observation Therapy (AOT) is a rehabilitation method believed to activate the mirror neuron system, which may contribute to cognitive recovery. Previous studies have shown varying results due to different intervention characteristics. This review will examine the efficacy of AOT on clinical cognitive function in stroke. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AOT with non-AOT interventions in cognitive function were included. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP database from inception to May 6, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0, and the quality of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE approach. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 18.0 were used for the meta-analysis. After the analysis of cognitive function, meta-regression was performed to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. A random-effects meta-analysis model using the inverse-variance and Hartung-Knapp methods was used to calculate pooled estimates and 95% confidence interval (CI) values. We examined the funnel plot and used Egger's regression test to assess for publication bias. This study was conducted by PRISMA reporting guidelines (Appendix S1). The search protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024571694). RESULTS: A total of 6 RCTs with 400 participants were included. All the included articles were rated as having B-level quality. Meta-analysis showed that AOT significantly improved cognitive function in stroke. Meta-regression did not find the source of heterogeneity. The GRADE result indicated that the finding was of very low certainty. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive interventions based on AOT can improve cognitive function in stroke patients. However, it should be interpreted cautiously due to heterogeneity and low certainty. To strengthen evidence-based practices, we advocate for higher-quality and more homogeneous RCTs, including strict randomization procedures, large sample sizes, extended follow-up periods, and studies focused on specific disease subtypes.
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Lan et al. (2025) conducted a meta-analysis in stroke (n=400). Action Observation Therapy (AOT) vs. non-AOT interventions was evaluated on cognitive function. Action Observation Therapy significantly improved cognitive function across 400 stroke patients, though the evidence was of very low certainty due to heterogeneity.
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