Lost in Translation: Deciphering the Mechanism of Action of Anti-human CTLA-4

Despite a number of preclinical studies demonstrating that the activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in murine models of cancer relies on effector T-cell activation and regulatory T cell depletion, the activity of the clinical antibodies remains controversial. To decipher such mechanisms is critical to the development of novel and more potent immunotherapies.See related article by Sharma et al., p. 1233.