Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Ferroelectric domains in LiNbO3 have been investigated by means of electrostatic force microscopy. Polarization-inverted gratings with 4 μm periodicity were fabricated by titanium diffusion into both +c and −c faces of single-domain LiNbO3 crystals. The distribution of the electric field in the vicinity of the sample surface was measured using scanning probe microscopy. The electrostatic force image was found to correlate with the shape of the domain-inverted profile observed by scanning electron and optical microscopies.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Bluhm et al. (1997) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: