Mechanisms of Hydromorphone-Mediated Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Experimental process diagram. NC: control group, NC + HH: control + hydromorphone group, IR: modeling group, HH + IR: hydromorphone pretreated modeling group, IR + HH: hydromorphone posttreated modeling group.

• 

  Figure 2. Masson’s staining changes in rat pathology. NC: control group, IR: modeling group. Magnification: 100× and 200×.

• 

  Figure 3. Pre- and post-treatment with hydromorphone attenuates MI/R injury in rats. Histopathological damage was detected by HE staining. Magnification: 40× and 100×.

• 

  Figure 4. Pre- and post-treatment with hydromorphone attenuates MI/R injury in rats. Histopathological damage was detected by Masson’s staining. Magnification: 40× and 100×.

• 

  Figure 5. HH inhibits cellular pyroptosis by regulating NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles. (A) RT-PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18. (B) Protein level of IL-1β, IL-18 were measured by ELISA.*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

• 

  Figure 6. The effects of CoCl2 and HH on the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes were investigated by CCK-8 assay. (A and B) H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured with different concentrations of CoCl2 for 24 hours. (C) H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured with different concentrations of HH for 24 hours. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

• 

  Figure 7. Hydromorphone reduces hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis in H9C2 cells. (A) RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. (B) Protein level of IL-1β, IL-18 were measured by ELISA. NC: control group, NC + HH: control + hydromorphone group, IR: modeling group, IR + MCC: modeling plus MCC950 group, HH + IR: hydromorphone pretreatment modeling group, IR + HH: hydromorphone post-treatment modeling group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

• 

  Figure 8. Focal cell death analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Membrane perforation was observed in H9C2 cells.