With the Paris Climate Agreement, the world faces the important task of reducing CO2 emissions to 95% below 1990 levels in 2050. In the Netherlands various measures are being designed for this task, including a transition from fossil fuels towards clean and sustainable energy sources, implementation of energy saving and efficiency measures, and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). Underground storage can play an important role in delivering solutions. The subsurface is probably the best place for the temporal storage of vast amounts of various forms of energy and the only space for permanent storage of large volumes of CO2.
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Juez-Larré et al. (2019) studied this question.