Risk assessment of tire wear in the environment – a literature review

particulate material with a polymer backbone. The review discusses whether these are applicable for tire wear emissions and proposes adaptations. It provides a comprehensive assessment of exposure and hazard data for tire wear emission and reveals needs and data gaps for environmental risk assessment of tire wear. Based on the available exposure and hazard data sets a low risk prioritization of particulate tire wear emissions in aquatic and terrestrial environments was estimated. Risk prioritization of leachables from tire emissions is not yet possible due to inconsistent hazard data sets. It was found that for environmental risk assessment, insufficient consistent exposure and hazard data is available. It is suggested to develop clear harmonization guidelines how exposure and hazard studies should be designed. Such guidelines should be developed between all relevant stakeholders covering the entire product life cycle.