Carbon dioxide concentration prediction and optimal control based on coupling with population and greenbelt

The increase in carbon dioxide emissions has been identified as the primary cause of global warming. This paper focuses on studying a carbon dioxide concentration model that incorporates population and greenbelt factors. The model is constructed using a system of functional differential equations. By analyzing dynamic properties such as stability and Hopf bifurcation, we obtain insights into the trends of carbon dioxide concentration. Additionally, we investigate the impact of parameter variations on carbon dioxide levels and fit the model to actual data from around the world to predict changes in carbon dioxide concentration over the next 10 years. Finally, we employ optimal control theory to determine the cost of implementing carbon dioxide clean technology.