A Quintuple Boost Converter with GAHO Optimized FOPID for Electric Vehicle Powertrains

Electric Vehicles (EVs) require high DC voltage for providing enough power to the traction motor. A single-stage converter reduces efficiency by producing high voltage gain with high duty cycles. To overcome this, a multi-stage Quintuple Boost Converter (QBC) is proposed to achieve high voltage conversion with improved efficiency. A Fractional-Order Proportional–Integral–Derivative (FOPID) controller is tuned with Genetic Algorithm–Hippopotamus Optimization (GAHO) to ensure the stable operation of MOSFETs. Moreover, inductor current and capacitor voltage balancers are integrated to extend the component lifetime. Enhanced voltage gain is demonstrated by simulating the proposed QBC–FOPID–GAHO in MATLAB. The proposed converter was 99% efficient and produced an output voltage of 1400 V. The achieved efficiency is higher than the existing converters, including a High Conversion Ratio Converter (HCRC), a modified Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (m-SEPIC)-based Coupled Inductor (CI), a Super-Lift and a Buck Converter (SLBC), and an Enhanced Quadratic DC-DC Boost Converter (EQDBC), whose efficiencies are 98.36%, 95.2%, 98.5%, and 96.5%, respectively.