Precipitation of F– Ions on the Mineral Surfaces in Water Purification Processes

This study investigates the kinetic parameters required for the engineering design of treatment plants employing fluorite precipitation technology. Particular emphasis is placed on the selection of a substrate for fluorite precipitation at the minimum acceptable calcium ion concentration, as well as on determining the precipitation rate of fluoride ions onto a substrate of given composition. In addition, the particle size of the substrate materials was examined. The degree of substrate dispersion was constrained by technological requirements: finely dispersed materials impede separation from the solution and reduce the filtration rate, whereas coarse-grained substrates provide insufficient contact area between the solution and the substrate.