The Effect of Verbascoside on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Objective: Obesity involves excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, triggering oxidative stress and DNA damage. This study evaluated the effects of verbascoside doses (50 μM: V50 and 100 μM: V100) on DNA damage and oxidative stress in mature adipocytes.Materials and Methods: 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes and treated with V50 or V100. Oil Red O staining quantified the lipid accumulation. DNA damage was evaluated using the Comet assay. We assessed oxidative stress by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI) based on total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) measurements.Results: V100 reduced lipid accumulation compared with the control group. Furthermore, while V50 increased DNA damage (tail intensity and moment), V100 significantly lowered it compared to V50. Additionally, V100 improved oxidative stress markers (increased TAS, decreased TOS, and OSI), whereas V50 had no significant effect on these parameters.Conclusion: Verbascoside showed dose-dependent effects on mature adipocytes. While V50 increased DNA damage independently of oxidative stress, V100 improved oxidative status and reduced DNA damage. These findings demonstrate that at appropriate doses, verbascoside is a candidate for preventing metabolic disorders, though further molecular studies are needed.