More than a Dietary Choice: A Multidimensional Perspective on Vegetarianism in the Current and Future Landscape

This review examines the environmental transition of contemporary diets, the effects of plant-based diets on human health, and vegetarianism as a phenomenon extending beyond a dietary choice, offering insights into its relationship with quality of life, physiological mechanisms, psychosocial determinants, and structural implications. In the current landscape, growing interest in vegetarianism is driven by three main factors: its contribution to multiple domains of health, its substantial potential to reduce resource use and environmental impacts, and its association with ethical and animal-related considerations. However, further research is needed to consolidate its role as a key component of future development, requiring integrated educational, cultural, technological, and policy approaches that ensure equitable access to plant-based foods, foster critical reflection on animal welfare and moral responsibility, as well as support coordinated transformations of food systems toward healthier and more environmentally sustainable societies. Ultimately, the global implementation of dietary shifts toward plant-based patterns remains anticipated but constrained, as ingrained economic and cultural interests continue to delay this pivotal systemic change. Therefore, until policy authorities enact substantial structural reforms and individuals actively promote this transition within their immediate social environments, the issue is likely to persist as a subject of ongoing debate and resistance against its operationalization.