Theoretical framework introduces bilateral reciprocal olfactory stimulation to evaluate lateral-temporal smell processing, indicating how breathing and nostrils shape memory and emotion.
Olfactory, respiratory, limbic, interoceptive, and entorhinal-hippocampal processes are typically studied separately. This leaves an explanatory gap: how does a chemically sampled environment become a subjectively significant state that acquires a bodily value and a spatiotemporal position, becomes linked to past experience, and to probable action? To close this gap, the present paper introduces the notion of the chemosensory-valence imprint — a distributed, phase-updated configuration that binds chemical content, the side and order of input, respiratory phase, interoceptive state, valence, memory, and available action trajectories.Bilateral Reciprocal Olfactory Stimulation (BROS) is proposed for causal testing of the model. BROS consists of controlled alternating presentation of an odor stimulus to the left and right nostrils, with parametric manipulation of side, order, and respiratory phase. Comparison with simultaneous binasal, mononasal, randomized, and odorless conditions, with chemical content and sensory load equated, tests the independent contribution of the lateral-temporal organization of the two inputs to imprint formation. Predictions separately address the central construct, the specific BROS effect, and the functional modes of disruption, with explicit conditions of falsification.
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Meruyert Baikonyrova (2026) studied this question.
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