An Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Population Dynamics of Cynoglossus gracilis in the Offshore Waters of Liaoning Province, China

This study investigated the population dynamics of Cynoglossus gracilis in the offshore waters of Liaoning Province, China, to support sustainable fisheries management. Biological samples were collected from five major fishing ports between March and November 2024. Population dynamics were assessed based on growth, mortality, and exploitation parameters, and four seasonal fishing closure scenarios were evaluated using egg production per recruit (EPR) and spawning biomass per recruit (SBR) models. The estimated exploitation rate (E = 0.53) indicated that the stock was experiencing relatively high fishing pressure but remained close to the sustainable exploitation reference level. Yield-per-recruit analysis suggested that increasing the minimum catchable size could improve resource utilization efficiency. Among the evaluated closure scenarios, the April–September closure provided the greatest conservation benefit by enhancing reproductive potential and protecting spawning stock biomass. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing harvest regulations and seasonal closure strategies, contributing to the sustainable management of Cynoglossus gracilis resources in the offshore waters of Liaoning Province.