Since the 1990s, China has implemented a nationwide WHO-recommended DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy, which led to a successful 65% decline in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and a 48% decline in bacteriologically positive tuberculosis between 1990 and 2010.1 China achieved the tuberculosis control targets of the UN's Millennium Development Goals 5 years ahead of the target date, and has made a great contribution towards realising the global goal. However, huge challenges still exist.
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