Enhancing Flat-Plate Solar Collector Efficiency: A Numerical Study

This study explores the improvement in performance of flat-plate solar collectors by integrating hybrid Photo-Voltaic (PV)-thermal systems. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS software, incorporating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and steady-state thermal modeling. The research focused on a circular-section PV/T collector exposed to solar irradiation of 1000 W/m², with ambient and inlet water temperatures set at 288 K. Three different flow rates (0.02, 0.025, and 0.03 kg/s) were examined to determine their effects on collector efficiency and water outlet temperature. Two configurations were analyzed: one without a glass cover (steady-state analysis) and another with water cooling (CFD). The findings revealed that increasing the flow rate from 0.02 to 0.03 kg/s significantly lowered the panel's heating rate, enhancing efficiency but reducing water output. Future research aims to develop PV cells with improved photon absorption to maximize both electrical and thermal energy production. Furthermore, adding extra layers within the panel could optimize heat transfer and boost overall performance. These hybrid systems' capability to generate electricity and thermal energy under diverse atmospheric conditions, such as dust, clouds, and snow, sets them apart from conventional collectors and highlights their potential for sustainable energy solutions. Major Findings: Increasing the water flow rate from 0.02 to 0.03 kg/s reduced panel heating, improving system efficiency (up to 95 %) but decreasing water output. Optimal performance was achieved at 0.03 kg/s, maintaining the lowest panel temperature (312.50 K) and ensuring efficient heat dissipation. Hybrid PV-thermal systems demonstrated superior energy generation under diverse conditions, highlighting their potential for sustainable energy solutions.