Published in Int. Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Vol. 11 (10), pp. 1545-1558, 1977 doi: 10.1002/nme.1620111006 A two noded, straight element which includes shear deformation effects is presented and shown to be extremely efficient in the analysis of axisymmetric shells. A single point of numerical integration is essential for its success when applied to thin shells where the results compare favourably with those achieved with more complex curved elements.
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Zienkiewicz et al. (1977) studied this question.
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