The elderly are at greater risk for nutrient deficiencies than are younger people. The complications of chronic disease states that are more common among older adults as well as the limitations that accompany the natural aging process can affect nutrient intake, absorption, and utilization. This paper reviews those nutrients for which research has been conducted among elderly populations to determine their specific needs. Based on the state of knowledge to date, recommendations are made. In addition, a modified food pyramid that takes into account the lower energy intakes and special nutrient needs of the elderly has been designed and is described here. Nutrient‐dense foods, adequate fluid and fiber, and supplementation of calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B 12 are each emphasized in this narrower version of the Food Guide Pyramid for seniors over age 70. Specific food choices that will help elderly people meet their changing needs and avoid nutrient deficiencies, such as fortified cereals, brightly colored vegetables and fruits, and low‐fat dairy products, are highlighted as well.
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Russell et al. (1999) studied this question.
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