Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Little headway has been made during the past several decades in reducing damage (and avoiding ecological disruptions) for most major pests. It appears that a regional approach to preventing fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) problem, rather than attacking the symptoms is the best prospect for a successful solution to this costly pest problem.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
E. F. Knipling (1980) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: