Formulation, evaluation, and optimization of polyherbal gel for effective antifungal action

Objectives: To develop and evaluate a polyherbal gel as a potential alternative to synthetic antifungal agents, addressing the increasing prevalence of fungal infections and microbial resistance. Materials and Methods: Polyherbal gels were formulated using extracts of Tora, Fenugreek, and Neem seeds incorporated into a Carbopol 940 base. Various batches containing 1%–4% of each seed extract were prepared. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties (pH, viscosity), spreadability, extrudability, in vitro antifungal activity against fungal strains, and stability. Results: Formulations exhibited pH values between 5.5–6.5, suitable for topical application, and viscosities ranging from 3455.98–4614.96 cP. Spreadability ranged from 5.4–6.84 cm, indicating good application properties. All formulations required 3.5–4.5 kg of force for extrusion. Antifungal activity increased with extract concentration, reaching a plateau at 4% (polyherbal gel 4 - PHG4), which demonstrated statistically significant results comparable to the standard antifungal drug. Conclusion: The optimized polyherbal gel (PHG4) demonstrated effective antifungal activity, favorable physicochemical properties, and potential as a safe herbal alternative to synthetic antifungal topical preparations, with no risk of microbial resistance.