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A water-stable multilayer Li-metal electrode consisting of a lithium metal, a composite polymer, and a lithium-conducting glass ceramic (LTAP) was proposed as the lithium anode for aqueous lithium–air secondary batteries. The addition of finely dispersed nanosize in the polymer electrolyte greatly reduced the interfacial resistance between the Li anode and the polymer electrolyte. A electrode showed a total resistance of in a 1 M aqueous LiCl solution at , with no change in the electrode resistance over a month. The 1 M LiCl/Pt air cell had a stable open-circuit voltage of 3.80 V, which was equivalent to that calculated from the cell reaction of . The cell exhibited a stable and reversible discharge/charge performance of at , suggesting excellent reversibility of the lithium oxidation reduction reaction for the electrode.
Zhang et al. (2009) studied this question.