A comprehensive thermal and analytical characterization study on biofuel produced from pyrolysis of gingergrass at different operating conditions

The rising demand for pyrolysis fuel is driven by the need for sustainable energy and reduced reliance on fossil fuels amid industrial growth. In view of current energy conditions, this research aims to synthesize biofuel from gingergrass residues since biomass is a viable source of renewable energy. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at different temperatures; at 475 °C, the maximum pyrolysis oil yield of 41.1 wt% was achieved, with 55.2 and 57.6 wt% of char and gas, respectively. Initially, different physical, chemical and morphological analyses of the residue was carried out to assess its potential. The basic fuel property and chemical analyses showed the oil has high viscosity and a low heating value. The obtained char was also subjected to various characterization studies. Gas chromatography was used to evaluate the chemical constituents of the gas, which shows various combustible organic components. The produced liquid products can serve as low-grade fuels or industrial feedstocks, while the char can be used as a heat source. The results highlight sustainable feedstock use, reduced emissions from open burning, and support for a circular bioeconomy, offering scalable, eco-friendly energy solutions for agricultural regions.