Nonbonding Ru-Ru interactions in [1.1]-ruthenocenophane (1) that can be attributed to the proximity of the metal centers and the formation of a Ru-Ru single bond in the dication (12+) are the reason for the low oxidation potential of 1 and for the stability of 12+. As the X-ray structure analysis of the BF salt of 12+ shows (structure here viewed down the Ru-Ru bond), the two ruthenocene halves are distinctly twisted to accommodate the CH2 bridges.
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Mueller‐Westerhoff et al. (1992) studied this question.
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