Metabolic profiles and correlation with surgical outcomes in mesial versus neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy

Aims Differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) remains challenging. Our study characterized the metabolic profiles between MTLE and NTLE and their correlation with surgical prognosis using 18 F‐FDG‐PET. Methods A total of 137 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 40 age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into the MTLE group ( N = 91) and the NTLE group ( N = 46). 18 F‐FDG‐PET was used to measure the metabolism of regional cerebra, which was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping. The volume of abnormal metabolism in cerebral regions and their relationship with surgical prognosis were calculated for each surgical patient. Results The cerebral hypometabolism of MTLE was limited to the ipsilateral temporal and insular lobes ( p < 0.001, uncorrected). The NTLE patients showed hypometabolism in the ipsilateral temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes ( p < 0.001, uncorrected). The MTLE patients showed extensive hypermetabolism in cerebral regions ( p < 0.001, uncorrected). Hypermetabolism in NTLE was limited to the contralateral temporal lobe and cerebellum, ipsilateral frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and bilateral thalamus ( p < 0.001, uncorrected). Among patients who underwent resection of epileptic lesions, 51 (67.1%) patients in the MTLE group and 10 (43.5%) in the NTLE group achieved Engel class IA outcome ( p = 0.041). The volumes of metabolic increase for the frontal lobe or thalamus in the MTLE group were larger in non‐Engel class IA patients than Engel class IA patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The spatial metabolic profile discriminated NTLE from MTLE. Hypermetabolism of the thalamus and frontal lobe in MTLE may facilitate preoperative counseling and surgical planning.