Ectopic adipose tissue in subsistence populations with minimal coronary disease, large left atria, and very low rates of atrial fibrillation

Figures

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  Central illustraion.

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  Fig. 1. Axial view CT scans through the heart showing shading of epicardial fat (purple) and thoracic fat (gold) in a United States MAHI comparator subject using the QFAT software program for quantification of epicardial and thoracic fat volume.

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  Fig. 2. Epicardial fat volume of the Tsimane, Moseten, and U.S. comparator group by age Loess method, shaded area = 95 % confidence interval).

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  Fig. 3. Hepatic CT scan density Tsimane, Moseten, and the U.S. comparator groups by age (Loess method, shaded area = 95 % confidence interval). The Tsimane and Moseten have less liver fat and therefore greater hepatic density than the U.S. cohort.

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  Fig. 4. Left atrial AP diameter of the Tsimane, Moseten, and the U.S. comparator groups by age, (Loess method, shaded area = 95 % confidence interval).

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  Fig. 5. Mean coronary artery calcium score by age, (Loess method, shaded area = 95 % confidence interval). The Tsimane and Moseten have much less coronary artery calcium than the U.S. comparator group.

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  Fig. 6. Comparison of epicardial fat volume for the United States MAHI comparator population, the Moseten, and the Tsimane - expected values for each group corrected for age and BMI. Of note, United States men have greater epicardial fat volume than women, although this is not true for the Tsimane and Moseten.

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  Fig. 7. Comparison of epicardial fat volume, thoracic fat volume, and epicardial fat density, for the U.S. comparator group, the Moseten, and the Tsimane with the published results of the Eisner Study group (Eisenberg citation) using a Ratio of Means approach. 1= the Eisner study mean. The Tsimane and Moseten have significantly less epicardial fat and thoracic fat volume and the Tsimane have lower epicardial fat density than the Eisner participants. The U. S. comparator population (from the Kansas City metropolitan area) has greater mean epicardial and thoracic fat volume than the Eisner participants who were largely drawn from the Los Angeles metropolitan area.