100-km-sensing-range single-ended distributed vibration sensor based on remotely pumped Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

In this Letter, we report a single-ended distributed vibration sensor with the 100 km sensing range. This sensing range is achieved by remotely pumping two pieces of Er-doped fibers incorporated along the sensing fiber with a 1480 nm Raman fiber laser at the front end. A strain resolution of 100 nϵ combined with a spatial resolution of 2.6 m is achieved at the far end of the fiber.