Non-thermal plasma catalysis for CO₂ conversion and catalyst design for the process

Catalytic conversion of CO 2 to renewable chemicals and fuels is a promising approach to mitigate issues associated with climate change and energy supply deficiency. Hybrid non-thermal plasma (NTP) and catalysis systems, that is, NTP catalysis systems, enable the activation of stable CO 2 molecules under relatively mild conditions in comparison with conventional thermal catalysis, and are promising for the energy-efficient conversion of CO 2 . This review presents the state-of-the-art development of NTP catalysis of CO 2 conversion, including CO 2 splitting and CO 2 hydrogenation and reforming, with the focus on mechanistic insights developed forcatalytic CO 2 conversion. Additionally, the role of intrinsic catalyst composition and structure in determining the selectivity of CO 2 conversion under NTP conditions is also discussed in light of the need for rational design of catalysts for NTP catalysis. Finally, a perspective on future challenges and opportunities in the development of next-generation catalysts for NTP catalysis and the advanced hybrid NTP catalysis process for practical industrial applications are discussed.