Cardiac Diagnosis with Machine Learning: A Paradigm Shift in Cardiac Care

For successful prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), an early and quick diagnosis is essential. Heart disease and strokes are the predominant causes and account for more than 80% of CVD deaths, whilst one-third of these deaths occurs prematurely in people under 70 years of age. For CVD diagnosis, patients need to show an elevated level of biomarkers in the blood sample associated with severe pain in the chest, and diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG). The majority of CVD patients making CVD diagnosis difficult for physicians show a surprisingly normal ECG pattern. Artificial intelligence techniques can radically improve and optimize CVD outcomes. AI has the potential to provide novel tools and techniques to collect and interpret data and make faster and more accurate decisions reducing hospitalization cost, thereby increasing the quality of life. AI has also improved medical knowledge by unlocking clinically relevant information from the voluminous and complex data received from various resources. This paper reviews the present biosensors and describes various AI techniques, which can effectively be used for early and accurate detection of CVD, thereby improving cardiac care.