Emphasis on Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Syndrome: Early Risk Assessment and Integrated Management

心–肾–代谢综合征(cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, CKM)是一种以心血管疾病、肾功能损伤及代谢紊乱共存为特征的多系统综合征，其发病机制与胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、慢性炎症及血管内皮功能障碍密切相关。三者的病理生理交互作用可加剧靶器官损害，早期识别高危人群并实施一体化干预至关重要。本文通过分析CKM的临床特征与分子标志物(如微量白蛋白尿、糖化血红蛋白、C反应蛋白等)，提出基于多组学技术的个体化风险评估模型，并探讨联合调控血糖、血压、血脂及改善肾脏血流灌注的综合治疗方案。通过生活方式干预、药物优化及新型生物制剂应用，实现延缓疾病进展、降低全因死亡率的目标，从而推动CKM从“碎片化被动治疗”向“一体化主动防治”模式的转变。Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a multisystem disorder characterized by the coexistence of cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiological interplay among these components exacerbates target organ damage, underscoring the critical need to identify high-risk populations early and implement integrated interventions. This article analyzes CKM’s clinical features and molecular biomarkers—including microalbuminuria, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and proposes an individualized risk assessment model based on multi-omics technologies. Furthermore, it explores comprehensive therapeutic strategies that combine glycemic control, blood pressure regulation, lipid management, and enhancement of renal perfusion. Through lifestyle modifications, pharmacological optimization, and the application of novel biologics, these approaches aim to delay disease progression and reduce all-cause mortality, thereby facilitating a paradigm shift in CKM management from “fragmented, reactive treatment” to “integrated, proactive prevention and care”.