Theoretical model demonstrates geometric area calculation for four-edge closed curves using ordinal coordinate tuples, suggesting a formal discrete geometric framework.
A closed curve segment is placed on an object. Every segment has two endpoints. The author calls every segment an edge. The author calls every point a vertex. Every vertex is represented only by either a tuple of one ordinal number or a tuple of two ordinal numbers. The closed curve segment has four vertices and four edges. Definition 1. Area is the product of the length of an edge and the length of the edge which is adjacent to it.
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D1a2a1b2a1a (2026) studied this question.
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