Theoretical analysis uncovers electromagnetic fields directly from the linearized Einstein equation of an electron, indicating unified gravitational and electromagnetic dynamics along its worldline.
We apply the full retarded Green operator to the harmonic-gauge linearized Einstein equation of a localized electron. The resulting causal field is compared with a classical truncation containing an instantaneous near-zone field and a finite outgoing radiation sector. Their difference defines a historical correction and gives a coupling-corrected Einstein equation. The electron carries both electric-charge and mass-charge four-currents along the same worldline. A calibrated charge projection of the \(0μ\) metric response produces the electromagnetic four-potential, while harmonic gauge becomes Lorenz gauge. From this potential we derive the Maxwell tensor, all four Maxwell equations, retarded potentials, boundary conditions, and local \(U(1)\) symmetry. The mass-charge projection remains distinct and describes gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic response. Both channels act simultaneously for an electron, whereas a neutral particle retains only the mass-charge channel. **Keywords** Complete Einstein equation; electron worldline; retarded Green function; linearized gravity; electromagnetic four-potential; Maxwell equations; Lorenz gauge; \(U(1)\) symmetry; gravitoelectromagnetism; historical correction.
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Kianming(Jianming) Wang (2026) studied this question.
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