Enhanced affinity and selectivity for halide anions is seen for the strapped calix[4]pyrrole (see picture, X−=F−, Cl−) relative to normal calix[4]pyrroles. The encapsulated binding site differentiates the anions on the basis of size, and the existence of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the aromatic proton and halide anions has been verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A binding constant of approximately 3.87×106 M was found for the fluoride complex.
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Yoon et al. (2002) studied this question.
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