This paper introduces the performance of PHV comparing other ICE, EV, FCHV. Toyota's future outlook of automobiles is also shown based on the use of PHV. It is pointed out that HV and PHV are the most realistic solutions at this time. HV technology is not only a technological bridge but the core technology for future EV, PHV and FCV.
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Shizuo Abe (2010) studied this question.
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