A New Chimeric Natriuretic Peptide, CNAAC, for the Treatment of Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Temporal course of relaxation induced by NPs at a single-dose of 10−6 M. Data are expressed as the mean ± the SEM; n = 6 in each experimental group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. CNP; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. VNP; && P < 0.01 vs. ANP.

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  Figure 2. Degradation of NPs in the blood of rats after a bolus injection. Data are expressed as the mean ± the SEM; n = 5 in each experimental group. **P < 0.01 vs. CNP; ## P < 0.01 vs. ANP; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. VNP.

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  Figure 3. Effects of NPs on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. (a) Echocardiography in each group. (b,c,d) Effects of NPs on cardiac function (n = 6). EF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, FS: Left ventricular fractional shortening, LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume. Data are expressed as the mean ± the SEM. **P < 0.01 vs. Sham, ## P < 0.01 vs. MI, $ P < 0.05, $$ P < 0.01 vs. MI-ANP, && P < 0.01 vs. MI-CNP, vs. ^ P < 0.05, ^^ P < 0.01 vs. MI-VNP.

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  Figure 4. Effect of NPs on myocardial infarct size and collagen volume fraction. (a) Representative images of Masson’s trichrome stained blue collagen in each group (original magnification, 40× , 400× ). The scale bars in 40 × magnification pictures represent 200 μm, the scale bars in 400× magnification pictures represent 20 μm. The cytoplasm appears dark-red and collagen fibers are blue; (b) Effect of NPs on myocardial infarct size; (c) Effect of NPs on collagen volume fraction. Gross size in the MI group was larger than that in the Sham group. Wall thinning and the whitish color of the infarcted areas in left ventricle were detected with Masson’s trichrome stain, and thick blue colored fibrosis was found (original magnification, 400× ). CVF: collagen volume fraction. Data are expressed as the mean ± the SEM; n = 5 in each experimental group. **P < 0.01 vs. Sham; ## P < 0.01 vs. MI; $ P < 0.05, $$ P < 0.01 vs. MI-ANP; && P < 0.01 vs. MI-CNP; ^^ P < 0.01 vs. MI-VNP.

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  Figure 5. Effect of NPs on humoral factors in the serum of rats. (a) Effect of NPs on serum BNP levels in rats; (b) Effect of NPs on serum Ang II levels in rats; (c) Effect of NPs on plasma ALD levels in rats; (d) Effect of NPs on serum ET-1 levels in rats; (e) Effect of NPs on serum cGMP levels in rats (n = 6). Data are expressed as the mean ± the SEM; n = 6 in each experimental group. **P < 0.01 vs. Sham; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. MI.